Whakapai ake i ngā taputapu i te tukanga auaha matua – ngā tikanga horoi tenimu hou
Hei whakapakari i te whakahaere me te whakahaere i ngā wai para ahumahi tae kakahu, mai i te 1 o Hānuere, 2013, ka tīmata a Haina ki te whakatinana i te GB 4287-2012 "paerewa tukunga para wai ahumahi kakahu", ko te paerewa hou mō te tae i ngā tukunga para wai kua whakatōkia ngā whakaritenga teitei ake. I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2013, i whakaputa te Manatū Tiaki Taiao i ngā "Aratohu mō te Whakatutukitanga Taiao me ngā umanga tae," "aratohu" mō ngā mahi hou, whakahoutanga, whakawhānui o ngā umanga kakahu o nāianei me te whakahaere o ia rā o te kaupapa hanga ki te tukanga katoa, me te ārahi i te whenua me te whakapūmau i ngā paerewa whakahaere taiao me te aukati i te parahanga tā a te kamupene. I te taumata pāpori, ko te kiriata Tiamana "te utu tarau" me ngā whakahaere taiao e whakaatu pinepine ana i ngā aituā parahanga ahumahi tā me te tae ka panaia hoki ngā take taiao ki te tirohanga tukatuka e whai ake nei o te whakaaro o te marea. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā arai hangarau ki te hokohoko o te ao i roto i ngā matū kakahu me te whakawhāiti i ngā matū kino me kaha ake, ka puta hoki he pānga whakahou ahumahi kaha tā.
He mahi nui te horoi i ngā kākahu tarau i roto i te hanga kākahu tenimu. I tēnei wā, ko ngā taputapu horoi tarau matua ko ngā mīhini horoi pahu whakapae tuku iho, he iti te aunoatanga, he nui te wai e pau ana i te kaha mamaoa, he nui ake ngā tukanga whakaputa, he nui te kaha o te mahi, he iti te whai huatanga. I roto i te tukanga horoi, i tēnei wā, he nui tonu te horoi kohatu, te horoi onepu, te horoi me te horoi matū hei taputapu matua mō te whakaoti tarau. He nui te pūngao e pau ana i tēnei tukanga horoi tuku iho, he nui te parahanga, he tukunga wai para, ā, he iti ngā hua taiao. Ko te whakahaere me te whakaiti i te tukunga wai para o te tukanga hanga kākahu tenimu he take nui e pā ana ki te umanga, engari he whanaketanga pakihi tukatuka tenimu me te whakapai ake i ngā teka, ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga pea. Ko te hangarau matatau he wāhanga o te taiao hei whakamama i te pehanga o nāianei o te horoi tenimu me te huarahi whai hua. E arotahi ana tēnei tuhinga ki te tenimu horoi ozone me te hangarau me ngā taputapu laser hei whakarato tohutoro hangarau mō te hanga horoi tenimu ma.
1. Hangarau Horoi Ozone
He maha ngā painga o te hangarau ozone i roto i ngā mahi tukatuka kākahu tenimu, tae atu ki te whakaiti i te wai me te whakamahinga matū, te whakapoto i te wā tukatuka me te tukanga, te horoi me te tiaki taiao. Ka taea e te mīhini horoi ozone te whakamahi i te ozone (mā te kaihanga ozone) ki te tukanga horoi kākahu, ka puta he pānga whakama achromatic mā te ozone. Ko te nuinga o ēnei taputapu e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka tawhito o te tenimu. Mā te whakarerekē i te nui o te whakaputanga ozone ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā taumata rerekē o te pānga maimoatanga. Mā te mīhini horoi ozone, me te kore e whakamahi i ngā matū, ka taea te penapena i te nui o te wai, kia rite ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te tiaki taiao. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā tikanga whakaoti ozone ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā momo momo tukatuka me te hanga kākahu tenimu, ka puta he pānga o ngā tarau hou me te ahurei, ko te papanga tenimu mai i te tirohanga, te mahi ehara i te mea ko te kauboi pakari anake, engari i whakaatu hoki i te ahua whakamarie me te ngawari.
Te pānga o te tarau tiini i muri i te horoinga ozone
Kei te mākete i tēnei wā kua tino pakari ngā kaihanga mīhini horoi ozone pērā i a LST, Jeanologia, Ozone Denim Systems, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā momo taputapu tukatuka horoi ozone, he rite tonu te kaupapa, he penapena wai, hiko me ngā matū.
He hau tino waikura te ozone, he kaha ki te tango tae i ngā tae katoa, ka taea e te ozone te kino i ēnei tae ki ngā rōpū auxochrome, kia tutuki ai te tango tae. Ko te hangarau matua me ngā taputapu o te pūnaha whakaputa ozone ko te tukunga, e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga me te pono o ngā taputapu. Ko te whakamahi i te hoahoa tukunga arai dielectric micro-gap a te kaihanga ozone LST, ehara i te mea ka tino whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā mahi, engari ka nui ake te haumarutanga me te pono o te pūnaha mō te mahi tonu.
Ahakoa kua tino pai ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao ozone hou, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā hua tuku iho, e 90% pea o te pūngao hiko mō te whakaputa ozone kāore e hurihia hei wera. Ki te kore tēnei wāhanga o te wera e mimitihia pai, ka piki tonu te pāmahana o te āputa tukunga ozone i te pāmahana mahi kua whakaritea. Kāore te pāmahana teitei e pai mō te whakaputa ozone, engari he pai mō te pirau ozone, ka heke te whakaputa ozone me te kukū. I roto i te hoahoa o te waeine wai whakamatao huringa-LST, ina nui ake te pāmahana wai whakamatao i te pāmahana o te hoahoa pūnaha, ina kore rānei he wai, ka tukuna aunoa e te pūnaha he tohu whakaoho.
Ka taea e ngā taputapu ozone LST te whakahaere aunoa i ia taahiraa tukanga, kia mau tonu ai te pānga o te maimoatanga. Whai muri i te maimoatanga ozone, mā te whakamahi i te catalytic wera hei whakakore i te ozone kia tere te huri hei hāora, ka horoia te mīhini i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau. Kua hiri katoa te mīhini, he hiri motuhake hei ārai i te turuturu o te hau ki runga i te mīhini, mō ngā take inihua, kei reira anō hoki he takirere haumaru hau. Mā te ozone LST ka taea te mahi tika i ngā kākahu ki runga i te mīhini, i te wā kotahi ka whakakore i te hiahia mō te mahi ā-ringa, ka penapena wā, inā koa kia kore ai e pā tika te kaiwhakahaere ki te kākahu, ka ārai pai i te whara tūpono. Ka whakaputahia e ngā mīhini he tino ngāwari. Ka honoa he kaihanga ozone me he tango ozone ki ngā mīhini horoi e rua, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu haumi taputapu. Ka tukuna he kaihanga ozone mō ngā mīhini horoi e rua ki te ozone, ka taea hoki te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga. Ko te tukanga katoa mā te whakahaere pūmanawa motuhake a LST.
2. Te tikanga horoi taiaho
Ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau taiaho mō te horoi i ngā papanga tenimu, te whakairo me te auahatanga whakairoiro tirohanga, ko te hangarau matihiko hou, te hangarau taiaho me te hoahoa toi e honoa ana ki te mahi whakaoti papanga tarau. Ko te hangarau whakairo taiaho i roto i te auahatanga tirohanga tenimu, e whakarei ake ana i te momo papanga, e whakapai ake ana i te kounga o te papanga, te uara tāpiri me te taumata whakawhaiaro. He peke whakamua hou tēnei mō te tukatuka whakaoti papanga tenimu me ngā kākahu tarau teitei.
